Planet
Energy Mix
Introduction
As the world moves toward lower-carbon energy, we face a range of complex and interconnected challenges. While sustainability remains a top priority, a successful energy transition also depends on two other key pillars: energy security and affordability.
A balance between these three intertwined priorities – the energy trilemma – demands collaboration and innovative solutions from policymakers and energy stakeholders alike.
There’s no one-size-fits-all approach to resolving the energy trilemma. Solutions tailored to the specific realities of each region – be it geographic, economic, or social – are key. We must look both to the supply side, where renewable energy and energy storage technologies offer promising possibilities, and to the demand side, where advancements in energy efficiency can unlock significant potential.
The path to Net Zero extends beyond low-carbon energy provision. It requires the active protection and restoration of natural ecosystems, alongside policy and technological progress that work in tandem to ensure affordable, reliable and sustainable energy is accessible to all.
At Mercuria, we are actively contributing to trying to solve the energy trilemma, by reducing carbon emissions and advancing the energy transition.
Our strategy for this rests on three pillars:
- Leading the low-carbon charge: Exceeding our initial commitment, over 50% of our investment capital has been directed towards the low-carbon sector, driving the transition forward. Learn more about our investments on the dedicated Investments page.
- Carbon footprint reduction in action: As part of our commitment to achieving net zero by 2050, we have been actively reducing our Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions, complemented by support for high-quality carbon removal and climate mitigation projects to address residual emissions. Discover more about our sustainability efforts on the Planet in 2025 page.
- Nature restoration at scale: Through Silvania, our $500 million investment vehicle dedicated to restoring and protecting land and forests. Read more about our nature restoration and biodiversity initiatives on the focus on our world page.
We firmly believe that our combined efforts will contribute to a world with equitable access to the energy it needs, delivered in a way that ensures long-term sustainability for our planet.
The energy trilemma
The energy trilemma is the balancing of three dimensions of energy supply so that it is secure, equitable and environmentally sustainable.
- Energy security requires energy supplies, which are reliable, withstand, and bounce back from significant shocks.
- Energy equity is access to reliable, affordable, and abundant energy.
- Environmental sustainability needs a system that minimizes potential environmental harm and climate change impacts.
Achieving and keeping each of these in balance is what constitutes a healthy energy system.
The past few years have brought the energy trilemma into sharp focus. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the focus was primarily on energy sustainability. But recent events have caused energy markets to contend with huge swings in demand, supply and prices. The pandemic saw global energy demand decline by 4% in 2020[1] leading to oversupply and negative prices in some markets as suppliers had to pay for product to be taken away. In 2022, the dynamics swung the other way with post pandemic economic demand recovery being hindered by supply shortages causing dramatic price spikes. Since 2022, supply disruptions and soaring energy prices have been the result of geopolitical tensions. Governments and industries continue to balance the urgent need for stable and affordable energy against long-term sustainability goals. While investment in renewables has accelerated, fossil fuels remain critical amid ongoing supply chain constraints and global conflicts.
The future is no less straight forward as we face growing geopolitical fractures, increasing levels of nationalism and an urgent need to decarbonize energy systems.
In this context, achieving a balance of the energy trilemma requires all energy market actors to play their part: Producers to unlock more supply, consumers to change behaviours, governments to provide the right frameworks and incentives and trading companies to bring market participants together.
The role of the trading company is often overlooked or at best misunderstood, despite having a key role across all dimensions of the energy trilemma from:
- Security: Identifying new energy sources (e.g. Liquid Natural Gas) and ensuring it arrives where it is needed. Working with partners around the globe to develop these new sources through financing, off-take agreements, hedging, risk management and then deliver them to market.
- Equitability: Providing pricing transparency and helping in creating a market so prices are set at a fair market value and extending financing that might not otherwise be available.
- Sustainability: Investing in and developing new forms of low carbon energy (e.g. renewables), establishing and stimulating carbon markets, innovating to encourage lower carbon energy production and product shipping, and increasing the traceability of products to ensure they are responsibly sourced.
Sustainability must be at the heart of a healthy energy system, as low carbon energy will provide secure and equitable supply. However, for this to happen, managing the energy system will require innovation – as well as short-term fixes – and this is where trading companies play a crucial role in helping guide the energy system toward a sustainable future.
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